- T cell
A
type of immune system cell which is damaged in the course of HIV infection. CD4
and CD8 cells are both sub-types of T cell.
- T helper cells
T
cells that alert the immune system to produce cytotoxic T lymphocytes against a
specific infection.
- TB
Short
for Tuberculosis.
- teratogenic
Causing
physical defects in the foetus.
- therapeutic vaccine
A
vaccine-like product used with the aim of improving the immune function of
someone who already has an infection, rather than of preventing the infection.
- thrombocytopenia
A
decreased number of specific cells in the blood responsible for blood clotting.
- thrush
A
fungal infection of the mouth, throat or genitals, marked by white patches.
Also called candidiasis.
- thymus
A
gland in the chest where T cells produced in the bone marrow mature into
effective immune system components.
- tid
Abbreviation
of a Latin term meaning three times a day.
- time-to-event endpoint
An
endpoint in a trial that measures the time taken for the individual to reach
some event (e.g. clinical progression, virological suppression.)
- titre
A
laboratory measurement of the amount, or concentration, of a given component in
solution.
- tiw
Abbreviation
of a Latin term meaning three times a week.
- tonsils
Two
oval lymph node-like structures situated where the mouth joins the throat.
- topical
Applied
directly to the affected area, as opposed to systemic.
- toxicity
Side-effects.
- toxin
A
poisonous substance.
- toxoplasmosis
A
disease due to infection with the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii, usually
causing inflammation of the brain.
- transaminase
An
enzyme that can be measured in a blood sample that indicates the health of the
liver.
- treatment effect
A
measure of the additional benefit provided by the new treatment, over and above
that which would have been expected by chance or using standard care.
- treatment-experienced
A person who has
previously taken treatment for a condition.
- treatment-naïve
A person who has never
taken treatment for a condition
- trend
In everyday language, a general movement upwards or downwards (e.g. every year there are more HIV infections). When discussing statistics, a trend often describes an apparent difference between results that is not statistically significant. See ‘statistical significance’.
- triglycerides
The
basic 'building blocks' from which fats are formed.
- trough level
The
lowest point to which levels of a drug fall in the blood between doses.
- t-test
A
statistical test used to compare two means (e.g. the mean CD4 counts of those
in the treatment and control arms).
- tuberculosis
A
disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- tumour
Growth
of tissues that perform no useful function, sometimes due to cancer.
Antiretroviral drug chartA one-page reference guide to the anti-HIV drugs licensed for use in the UK or European Union, with information on formulation, dosing, key side effects and food requirements.
Your next stepsA booklet with information for people who’ve just found
out they have HIV.
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