In some countries, not everyone who needs HIV treatment can get hold of it. Likewise, in the UK 20 or 30 years ago, effective HIV treatment didn’t exist. In these circumstances, many people with HIV died at a young age.

This is no longer the case for people living with HIV in the UK. Thanks to modern medicine, most people have long and healthy lives.

People who take HIV treatment which protects their immune system and keeps their viral load ‘undetectable’ can expect to live as long as people who don’t have HIV. For example, someone who starts treatment at the age of 35 is expected to live to around the age of 80.

HIV doesn’t have to stop you from carrying on with the rest of your life. Many people living with HIV take more care of their health than they did before. Some people go through a period of adjustment, and reconsider their priorities. But most people living with HIV do carry on with their jobs and their usual activities. HIV shouldn’t stop you from having relationships, having children or making plans for the future.

Every year in the UK, over a thousand women living with HIV give birth and almost all have healthy babies who do not have HIV. Transmission of HIV from mother to baby can be prevented by:

• taking anti-HIV drugs during pregnancy,
• making a careful choice between caesarean section and vaginal delivery,
• not breastfeeding, and
• giving the new baby an anti-HIV drug for a few weeks.

Taking HIV treatment during pregnancy will protect your baby from HIV, and you may also need it for your own health. If the drugs reduce the amount of HIV in your blood to very low levels, you may be able to have a vaginal delivery.

Thanks to these safety measures, 99.5% of babies born to women living with HIV in the UK do not have HIV.

If you’re thinking about having a baby, but aren’t pregnant yet, your HIV doctor can help you prepare for a healthy pregnancy. He or she can explain how to get pregnant without putting your partner at risk of infection.

HIV can be passed on from mother to baby during pregnancy, but it cannot be passed directly from the father to the baby.

Your doctor can give you and your partner advice on how she can have your child without her acquiring HIV. If anti-HIV drugs reduce the amount of HIV in your blood to very low levels, it may be possible to have sex without a condom (see Transmission facts). Otherwise, a process called ‘sperm washing’ may be available.

If you’ve just been told you have HIV, you may be feeling upset or confused. You may want to share that with other people. But it’s probably not a good idea to rush into telling lots of people that you have HIV before you’ve got used to the news yourself.

Although you will still be able to tell people later on, you can never ‘un-tell’ someone.

On the other hand, telling the right person can be a very positive experience. It can help you to get support when you most need it, and it can sometimes make relationships stronger.

For each person who you are thinking of telling, ask yourself what you are hoping to achieve by telling them. Try thinking about how they will feel on hearing the news. Imagine the best way they could react – and the worst.

You may also want to think about the best time and place to raise the subject, and make sure that you only tell people you can trust to keep it to themselves.

Did you tell anyone that you were going to have an HIV test? If you did, it’s worth thinking about how you’ll answer their questions.

Whether to tell family and friends may depend on the type of relationship you have with them. If you don’t usually discuss personal matters, do you want to talk about this?

But there may be somebody you’re close to who has been helpful in the past. Is there someone calm, supportive and trustworthy you could turn to now?

Generally, people’s reactions will depend on what they know, or think they know, about the subject. There are lots of fears and myths associated with HIV. Some people you tell could be hostile or unkind.

Sometimes people do not know much about HIV, or have lots of questions. You might find it useful to have factual leaflets about HIV to hand to provide reassurance.

Other people may surprise you with their understanding and acceptance.

If you are in a relationship at the moment, telling your partner might open up a crucial source of support.

On the other hand, it could be a difficult situation for both you and your partner to deal with. It may take some time for you and your partner to work through the issues that come up.

There may be concerns about whether you could have passed HIV on to your partner, or whether you could in the future. Equally, there’s also the possibility that it was your partner who passed HIV on to you. It’s important that your partner gets tested for HIV now – staff at your HIV clinic can help with this.

Some people face particularly difficult situations. You may rely on your partner for money or be worried about violence.

You may want some help or support to think these issues through. This will be available through your clinic, a local support group or THT Direct (0808 802 1221).

Telling sexual partners, or potential partners, can be daunting. You might be worried about being rejected if you tell someone you have HIV.

Being open about having HIV can mean that you can work out together how you will reduce the risk of HIV transmission. But it could be – if you're not going to have sex that involves any risk of HIV transmission – that you don't see the need to tell your partners.

You do need to think about the law (see HIV & the law), especially if there is a risk of HIV being passed on.

Timing can be important. It can be difficult to talk about HIV when you have only just met someone, but putting it off may cause problems later on. Some people find it easier when the first contact is online, rather than face to face. 

You can get advice from your clinic, a local support group or THT Direct (0808 802 1221).

As a general rule, your employer does not need to know about your HIV status – it rarely affects people’s ability to do their job.

If you’re worried about gossip being spread, you may want to keep the news to yourself. On the other hand, if your employer knows, it may be easier to have time off for appointments or to deal with periods of sickness.

In the UK, it’s illegal for an employer to discriminate against employees (or potential employees) because they have HIV.

People living with HIV are able to travel to most countries of the world. But some countries have restrictions, most often for people applying for a work or resident’s visa. As well as many countries in the Middle East, this includes Australia and Russia.

• Better off knowing (Basic leaflet with pictures.)
• Prognosis (One-page factsheet.)
• HIV, stigma & discrimination (61-page booklet.)
• HIV & pregnancy (Online, interactive tool.)