1 UNAIDS, Intensifying HIV prevention, policy position paper, June 2005.
2 UNFPA, New York Call to Commitment: Linking HIV/AIDS and sexual and reproductive health, 2004.
3 WHO, Glion call to action on family planning and HIV/AIDS in women and children, 2004. www.who.int/reproductive-health/stis/docs/glion_consultationsummary.pdf
4 IPPF, UCSF, UNAIDS, UNFPA, WHO. Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV Linkages: evidence review and recommendations, September 2009.
5 Wilcher & Cates. Reproductive choices for women with HIV. Bull World Health Organ 87:833-839, 2009. Doi:10.2471/BLT.08.059360
6 IPPF, UCSF, UNAIDS, UNFPA, WHO. op cit.
7 WHO www.who.int/.../PMTCT%20HIV%20Dept%20brief%20Oct%2007.pdf
8 The United Nations’ Division for the Advancement of Women Convention on the elimination of discrimination against women. New York, NY:; 1979. Cited in Wilcher & Cates op cit.
9 Wilcher & Cates op cit.
10 ibid.
11 Singh S et al. Adding it all up: The costs and benefits of investing in family planning and maternal and newborn health. New York: Guttmacher Institute and United Nations Population Fund, 2009.
12 Singh S et al. ibid.
13 Population Action International Fact Sheet 21, July 2008.
14 Wilcher & Cates op cit.
15 Sweat MD et al. Cost-effectiveness of nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child transmission in eight African countries. AIDS 18:1661-71, 2004 in Wilcher & Cates op cit.
16 Stover J et al. Costs and benefits of adding family planning to services to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Washington, DC, The Futures Group, 2003 in Wilcher & Cates op cit.
17 Reynolds HW et al. Contraception’s proved potential to fight HIV. Sex Transm Infect 81L184-5, 2005 in Wilcher & Cates op cit.
18 Reynolds HW et al. Contraception to prevent HIV-positive births: current contribution and potential cost-savings in PEPFAR countries. Sex Transm Infect 84: Suppl 2;ii49-53, 2008 in Wilcher & Cates op cit.
19 IPPF, UCSF, UNAIDS, UNFPA, WHO. op cit.
20 Wilcher & Cates op cit.
21 Homsy J et al. Reproductive intentions and outcomes among women on antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda: a prospective cohort study. PloS ONE 4 (1): e4149. 2009.
22 ibid.
23 Baylies C. The impact of HIV on family size preference in Zambia. Reprod Health Matters 8:77-86, 2000.
24 Horizons, Research Update. Addressing the family planning needs of HIV-positive clients: baseline findings form an operations research study. 2005.
25 Homsy J op cit.
26 Homsy et al op cit.
27 Horizon Research Update op cit.
28 Myer L et al. Impact of antiretroviral therapy on incidence of pregnancy among HIV-infected women in sub-Saharan Africa: a cohort study. PLos Med 7 (2):e1000229.Doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000229, 2010.
29 Stover J et al. Adding family planning to PMTCT sites increased the benefits of PMTCT. USAID, Washington DC, June 2004 www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/pop/publications/docs/familypmtct.html
30 Reynolds H et al. The value of contraception to prevent perinatal HIV transmission. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 33, no.6 2006.
31 Stover J et al. 2003 op cit.
32 Wilcher and Cates op cit.
33 US PEPFAR Five year strategy, Executive Summary, December 2009.
34 Kaiser Global HIV Daily Report, January 8, 2010.
35 Guttmacher Policy Review, Vol.9 No. 2. Spring 2006.
36 The Info Project. Focus on…Integrating family planning and HIV/AIDS services. Issue no. 6, July 2006. www.infoforhealth.org
37 Rispel L. et al. Exploring coping strategies and life choices made by HIV discordant couples in long-term relationships: insights from South Africa, Tanzania and Ukraine. Amsterdam, GNP+, June 2009.www.gnpplus.net/images/stories/swf/dc_flyer_full_indd-1.pdf
38 ibid.
39 ibid.
40 ibid.
41 Pebody R Contraceptive choices for women with HIV. HIV treatment update, issue 189 August/September 2009. www.aidsmap.com/files/file1004080.pdf
42 Pebody R ibid.
43 Stringer E.M. et al. Hormonal contraception and HIV disease progression: a multicountry cohort analysis of the MTCT-Plus Initiative. AIDS 23: S69-77, 2009.
44 Polis C et al. Effect of hormonal contraceptive use on time to AIDS or death in female HIV seroconverters in Rakai, Uganda. Seventeenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, abstract 152, 2010.
45 Morrison CD et al. Hormonal contraception and the risk of HIV acquisition. AIDS 21: 85-95, 2006.
46 Adamchak S et al. in Wilcher and Cates op cit.
47 Guttmacher Institute.
48 IPPF et al op cit.
49 WHO, UNFPA, UNAIDS, IPPF Linking sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS, Gateways to integration: a case study from Haiti. 2008.
50 WHO, UNFPA, UNAIDS, IPPF ibid.
51 Reynolds HW et al. Integrating family planning services into voluntary counseling and testing centers in Kenya: operations research results. Research Triangle Park. NC. Family Health International. 2006.
52 Searing H et al. Evaluation of a family planning and antiretroviral therapy integration pilot in Mbale, Uganda. Evaluation and research study no. 13. New York: EngenderHealth/The ACQUIRE Project. 2008.
53 ibid.
54 IRIN, Tanzania : merging family planning and HIV services, February 2010 www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88263
55 ibid.
56 ibid.
57 ibid.
58 Laher F et al. Efavirenz conceptions in Soweto, South Africa. 5th International AIDS Society Conference on Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. Cape Town, abstract TUPECO4.July 2009. A more complete analysis by Lynn Mofensohn together with colleagues at Médecins sans Frontières will be published shortly.
59 I-base publications. Guide to HIV, pregnancy and women’s health. January 2009. www.i-Base.info
60 ibid