Third-generation tests

Published: 30 June 2012
  • The first generation of ELISA tests for HIV antibodies were introduced in 1985.
  • The sensitivities and specificities of third-generation ELISAs are excellent.
  • However they are less good at detecting primary infection than fourth-generation tests, so their use is no longer recommended.

Most HIV antibody tests are in an ELISA or EIA format (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).

First-, second- and third-generation ELISAs screen for antibodies only. Because the test detects antibodies to HIV, as opposed to the virus itself, the ELISA is called an 'indirect test'.

Antibody-only ELISAs are no longer recommended for use in the UK, and should be replaced by fourth-generation ELISAs which also test for p24 antigen.

However an audit carried out in late 2009 showed that a number of laboratories had not shifted to fourth-generation tests.1

Related Links

References

  1. Moses S et al. UK CVN audit of HIV diagnostic service provision and practices 1st joint CVN, HPA, CHAIN and BHIVA meeting, London, 2010
This content was checked for accuracy at the time it was written. It may have been superseded by more recent developments. NAM recommends checking whether this is the most current information when making decisions that may affect your health.
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This content was checked for accuracy at the time it was written. It may have been superseded by more recent developments. NAM recommends checking whether this is the most current information when making decisions that may affect your health.

NAM’s information is intended to support, rather than replace, consultation with a healthcare professional. Talk to your doctor or another member of your healthcare team for advice tailored to your situation.